The Biden administration had called for a final effort before the president leaves office, and many in the region and in Washington viewed President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration Monday as an unofficial deadline.

Trump pledged last month that “all hell will break out” if Hamas doesn’t promise to release hostages by Jan. 20 and his Mideast envoy, Steve Witkoff, joined talks in the region to push for a deal.

Internationally, Israel’s staunchest allies have largely stood by it during its war in Gaza, but that support has been coupled with the strongest criticism in a generation and widespread calls for a ceasefire from the United States and others.

World leaders have also strongly condemned incidents of sexual violence during Hamas’ attack on Israel, and Israel’s allies have been largely supportive of its proxy war against Iran, which the U.S. has long accused of funding Hamas and the Lebanon-based Hezbollah.

Israel and Hezbollah agreed in November to halt months of deadly fighting with a ceasefire that has largely held.The scale and nature of Israel’s offensive have drawn condemnation from abroad.

In November, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant against Netanyahu for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity. Amnesty International and Doctors Without Borders, in December accused Israel of carrying out a genocide in Gaza.

Israel has rejected those accusations as false and antisemitic.

The status of dozens of hostages still held by Hamas has riven Israeli society, with the families of remaining hostages leading a campaign to pressure the government to strike a deal.

But Netanyahu has also faced opposing domestic pressure, with some senior ministers rejecting the deal as a “surrender” as sections of Israeli society push for a more hard-line approach.